Application and prospect of steel structure prefabricated house

Steel structure prefabricated house is like building a house by building blocks. It needs to complete the prefabrication of the main components in the factory, and complete the entire residential building through on-site assembly. It greatly reduces the amount of construction on site, saves the construction period, and is environmentally friendly. The standardized design and construction make it easier to guarantee the quality and safety of the building.

1. Application status of prefabricated steel structure houses at home and abroad

1.1 Application status of foreign developed countries

According to Japan According to statistics from the Prefabricated Building Association, by the end of the 1990s, wood structures accounted for 16% of prefabricated houses in Japan, prefabricated concrete structures accounted for 11%, and steel structure series accounted for as much as 73%. The steel structure housing technology in the United States is a comprehensive technology, which integrates the integration of structural main body, energy saving and fire protection, thermal insulation and sound insulation, profiles and design and construction. It has a clear division of labor, high production efficiency, and unified design and construction standards. Structural housing accounts for more than 25%, and prefabricated housing is the mainstay.

1.2 Domestic application status

The State Council (1999) No. 72 document is about prefabricated steel structure housing and its The development of industrialization has provided unprecedented policy support. The document clearly states that the development of prefabricated steel structure housing and the expansion of market share will accelerate the process of housing industrialization, which is a milestone for the development of my country's construction, metallurgy and related industries. significance.

Compared with developed countries, the proportion of steel structure buildings in China is still very low. The amount of steel used for steel structures in my country is only 20% of the output of steel, and the amount of steel used for pure steel structures only accounts for about 20% of the steel used for construction. Almost all residential buildings are reinforced concrete buildings. can improve the quality of housing. At present, major cities in China are actively conducting research on housing industrialization.

2. Application exploration of the assembly of steel structure houses

To realize the assembly of steel structure houses, we must first realize the product standardization of each component , mainly include the standardization of beams and columns, the productization of connecting nodes, the productization of walls, floors and other components.

2.1 Productization of beam, column members and joints

Traditional welded joints require single-piece processing of steel columns, which is difficult to be affected by various parameters. Product-based processing, the processing of nodes is more complicated, and the quality of nodes is greatly affected by the technical level of welding workers, welding process, and welding environment, and the quality cannot be guaranteed. In addition, due to single-piece processing, it is difficult to guarantee the processing accuracy, and the on-site connection will be difficult. There is a problem of difficulty in installation due to wrong holes. In order to achieve the productization of connecting nodes, it is objectively necessary to separate and process nodes and components separately.

2.2 Productization of the maintenance wall

In addition to the main structure, the outer protective structure supporting the steel structure building not only needs heat preservation, sound insulation, Moisture-proof, rain-proof, and durable. At present, there are hundreds of kinds of plates in China, but many of them have better performance and connection with the main body of the steel structure. The cost of the enclosure wall has a greater impact on the overall cost, and the construction of the wall has a greater impact on the construction period of the entire building.

2.3 Floor slab productization

Currently, steel structure residential floor slabs mainly include cast-in-place profiled steel plate composite slabs, prestressed slabs, composite slabs, and steel trusses Floor, cast-in-situ profiled steel plate needs to bind steel bars on site, the construction period is long, and it is not easy to be commercialized, the prestressed slab is limited, the new development direction of steel truss floor, the steel truss floor is welded to the bottom plate in the factory, The amount of steel bar binding can be reduced on site, and it is easy to realize factory processing, but the price is more than 10% higher than that of traditional floor slabs, and some steel structures are currently in production.

At present, in view of the prospect of prefabricated steel structure houses, many companies are committed to the development of related prefabricated products, but most of them are committed to the research and development of certain products, lack of systematic research, steel structure. The relevant design and construction standards and specifications of houses are lacking, and the related construction techniques, construction methods and safety regulations have not yet been established. Industry associations or construction enterprise groups are required to take the lead in formulating corresponding standards to regulate and guide the direction of product design and development.

2. Factors restricting the development of steel structure housing

2.1 Environmental impact

At present, my country's Most high-rise residential buildings use reinforced concrete shear wall structure. Real estate development companies often consider the initial input-output ratio, and rarely consider the comprehensive indicators of resource recycling and residential performance, resulting in steel structures. Residential is difficult to promote on a large scale. In the process of promotion, for the development of green and environmentally friendly steel structure residential projects, the government should provide preferential tax policies or certain subsidies to attract real estate developers to invest in the steel structure residential field.

3. Conclusion

Steel structure prefabricated buildings can realize the production of components and parts, mechanization of on-site assembly, and facilitate the realization of informatization of all structures Management, reduce construction waste, reduce the adverse impact of construction on the environment, improve construction quality, high material recycling rate, in line with the needs of building an ecologically civilized society, will be more and more applications in the future construction market. On the other hand, since prefabricated steel structure houses are in their infancy in my country, some problems that restrict the rapid development of steel structure houses still need to be solved. Therefore, it still takes time to ferment, but the future must be the world of steel structure assembly.

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