Development and Prospect of Steel Structure Building

With the development of society, people have higher and higher requirements for the convenience and durability of buildings. According to the type of materials, buildings can be divided into four categories: wood structure, masonry structure, reinforced concrete structure and steel structure.

Since primitive times, our ancestors have used wood to build their houses for thousands of years. So far, in the United States, Europe, Japan and South Korea, there are still many wooden civil houses. Timber has the advantages of easy availability, low cost and strong machinability, but its disadvantages are also very obvious, such as not durable, susceptible to termite erosion, poor fire resistance, and deforestation to damage the environment, etc., so the scope of application is getting narrower and narrower. .

Compared with the Chinese who love wooden structures, Europeans and Americans prefer to use stones and red bricks to make buildings, so many historical buildings can be preserved. Most of the houses inhabited by modern people are built with bricks, which are much more comfortable and durable than wooden structures.

The emergence of reinforced concrete technology is a major revolution in human building materials and structures. High-rise and super-high-rise buildings that have long been dreamed of by human beings have become possible with materials with high strength and high plasticity. With the development of the global economy and the improvement of construction technology in the 20th century, skyscrapers around the world have sprung up like mushrooms after a rain.

And some drawbacks of reinforced concrete buildings have become more and more prominent in the face of high construction requirements. For example, construction speed is not fast enough, dust pollution and noise pollution are high, etc. On the other hand, with the continuous improvement of steelmaking technology, the global steel output is also increasing every year. Steel, a material with high strength, strong plasticity and large span, has been introduced into buildings in large quantities.

So, what are the advantages of steel structures? Let's take a look below.

Strength and light weight

Construction steel is much stronger than other building materials such as concrete, masonry and wood. Taking a simply supported roof truss with the same span and bearing the same load as an example, due to the light weight of the steel structure under the same stress conditions, it can not only significantly reduce the earthquake action, thereby reducing the internal force of the structure, but also reduce the cost of the building foundation. The advantage is more obvious in soft soil areas. In addition, the lightweight components are easy to transport and install.

Good plasticity and toughness, excellent seismic performance

The internal structure of steel is uniform and close to isotropy, so it is an ideal elastic plastic body. The plasticity and toughness of steel structures are much higher than those of concrete and masonry structures, they will not break suddenly due to accidental overloading or partial overloading, and are more adaptable to vibration loads. Steel structure buildings are very common in earthquake-prone areas such as Japan and Taiwan. From the statistical data of countries around the world over the years, in areas prone to disasters such as typhoons and earthquakes, steel structures are usually the type of buildings that suffer the least damage.

High degree of industrialization and fast construction

Reinforced concrete buildings require a lot of pouring formwork, support rods, fixtures, etc., and workers need to fabricate iron cages on site, which is slow. The steel structure building materials are single, and most of them are finished or semi-finished products processed in professional factories, and can be operated by various large-scale professional machinery. When steel components are assembled on site, bolts are used, and in a few cases, simple welding is used. Steel components can also be assembled into larger units on the ground, and then hoisted after they are assembled into a whole, which significantly reduces the amount of work at heights and shortens the construction period.

Low cost and short construction time

Compared with traditional reinforced concrete structures, although steel structure buildings use a lot of steel and the cost of steel is high, it saves a lot of money For auxiliary materials such as cement, the number of labor required is also greatly reduced. The wide application of prefabricated parts in the factory significantly reduces the difficulty of on-site processing. Comprehensive calculation of materials and costs and other factors, how much is a steel structure building? It saves 20% of the cost than reinforced concrete. The weight of the steel structure is only a fraction of that of concrete, so the requirements for the foundation are relatively low, and the foundation cost can be greatly reduced, especially in a soft soil environment. The construction period is short, so that the entire building can be put into use earlier, which can shorten the capital flow period, and receive the return on investment in advance, with high comprehensive benefits.

Because of the many advantages of steel structure buildings, they have been widely used in developed countries such as Europe, America, Japan and South Korea, and this proportion is less than 10% in China, and there is still a lot of room for development.

With the help of technological progress and policy encouragement, new landmark steel structure buildings are emerging all over the country. In addition to the well-known cultural and commercial buildings such as the Bird's Nest, Water Cube, and National Grand Theater, relatively conservative civil buildings have also begun to use steel structures in large quantities. In China's steel structure industry, a large number of world-class manufacturing and engineering companies have emerged in the process of breaking records again and again, winning the respected status of foreign counterparts for the Chinese construction industry in the world.

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